In contraast, see Performance or Functional Specifications . Verifiability is related to the previous characteristic of the requirement being "Unambiguous". 0000005022 00000 n What does it mean to have a conformance clause? at least two brand names that will satisfy the The buyer uses the results of the testing to verify that a seller provides a product that conforms to the specification and meet procurement requirements. For example, Apple maintains a page about EU compliance, and here is one of their DoCs. Certain countries request a CoC for certain categories of imported products. Examples of conformance specification are: Engineering drawing A chemical formula Model name, number or brand etc 0000066307 00000 n In the marketplace, conformance test suites and consequently conformance testing provides a vehicle for exchanging information between buyer and seller. The CoC can either be requested by a buyer to ensure the product being manufactured has been tested and passes the set criteria within a specification and meets both technical and safety requirements,or it would be a mandatory requirement as stated by country regulations and law for certain products, such as Bluetooth devices being sold in the USA. 3) The car shall have a red custom paint job with chrome accents. The following discussion defines conformance and conformance testing as well as describes the components of a conformance testing program. As a procurement proffesional just think for a moment how many times has a fully agreed and signed of specification been put on your desk and requistioned without any prior input from your function? A locked padlock https://www.nist.gov/itl/ssd/information-systems-group/conformance-testing, Martha Gray, Alan Goldfine, Lynne Rosenthal, Lisa Carnahan National Institute of Standards and Technology. The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. Tip - Never design and make a product if there is an 'off-the-shelf' part available. Or even types of specifications when contracting, Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service. Procurements primary role of taking a business requirement (specification) finding a supplier/suppliers , negotiating a deal and then ordering the item is all hinged on that first step! The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product being imported meets the required standard(s). 2) Actions - related to things such as functions, processes,. Brand-name-or-equal specifications have a It is the basis of all offers and therefore the foundation for a contract. The procedures should also contain information on what must be done operationally when failures occur. Performance requirements describe the characteristics and 0000002964 00000 n On the other hand, the policy might be that a certificate is issued (or a claim of conformance is made) only if no errors are found. R3XF5h{o9gkz1p!i[$KQt?I$o:hdSisA4e3Dm9,Hhj4@`h$&!!r" BH$@4$"Jz"H,*Mc18/,1 #c7n~ "/[#J means of attempting to satisfy the requirement, its use Conformance Test Suites for XML Technologies. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS a. Conformance Specification (Technical) which focuses on inputs and provides specific details of what the product/service should consist of, and how the product should be manufactured as well as what materials and process should be followed. The prevailing style of management conditions people to "conformance to specification" as the aim, writes Nigel Clements. Conformance testing is NOT a way to judge if one product is better than another. Some recent standards include, as official parts of the standard, lists of assertions. This bulletin presents an overview of conformance and addresses conformance to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendations for the Extensible Markup Language (XML) family of specifications. This button displays the currently selected search type. characteristics of the item desired. There is sometimes confusion between the two terms, however, in most cases, these two terms mean exactly the same thing and often comes down to the personal preference of the company that needs the certificate. Quality Assurance, Product Development, and Purchasing Strategies in China. Do you have any questions or experiences to share about certificates of conformity? specifications; performance specifications; and the Qualified 0000009297 00000 n Materials used must be We are not lawyers. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. specification. Any other brands or models The test documentation describes how the testing is to be done and the directions for the tester to follow. be as non-restrictive as practicable, consistent with satisfying This is called strict conformance. Not all specifications or standards need a testing program. It is also possible that implementations may not be able to implement all the features. 6 What makes a good specification in procurement? met to be considered responsive. ? .. or you receive totally different proposals .. There are many organizations, including private sector companies, standards group, consortia, and government agencies that develop conformance tests and/or tools. Falsification testing subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." As a procurement professional . Purchase Requisition 1 - A poor undetailed specification "I want something to eat my dinner with". These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. 0000002922 00000 n 4M%m8Kxq@D0P- E62e(S4O#?s3,!Ms%iTZa5 @!.MOzNRU!+9nI Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. specifications must submit complete specifications with The process for developing conformance test suites begins with defining the set of test assertions (TA) upon which the test suite is based. Design specifications are an interpretation of what the customer needs. The success here will obviously depend on how you frame your specifications. In the event of a dispute or other commercial issues the specification can provide a formal method of identifying what the purchaser wanted against what was delivered. Requisition 1 provides the buyer with much more scope and freedom (you didn't want chopsticks then?). legitimate but limited place in public purchasing. Although policies and procedures are not issues for the standard specifications, the standards body may be involved in their development. It increases a buyer's confidence in a product and its ability to meet their needs. They can then make any necessary corrections to allow the implementation to conform. Ideally, we would like to be able to prove beyond any doubt that an implementation is correct, consistent, and complete with respect to its specification. Decisions are differentiated according to whether they concern day-by-day issues or broader plans. Comprehensive Procurement Guidelines When BioPreferred and CPG are both required, the agency shall purchase the item that meets the CPG requirements (per FAR 23.405 Procedures (c) and Farm Security and Rural Investment Act, Section 9002 (b)). Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service There are two main types of specification when contracting namely: With this type of specification the buyer says what they want and how they want it and the supplier has to meet this Examples of conformance specification are: What are the types of specification in procurement? Note: it is still possible to see a CoC for importing into the EU here is an example onthis websitefor a medical device. FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906) again states that the SDoC is: a procedure that requires the party responsible for compliance ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards. ! Conformance is usually defined as testing to see if an implementation faithfully meets the requirements of a standard or specification. this sense means that the specification concentrates on how the If bids could depart from the specification, the result would be the defeat of competition and a contract in which there was no competitive bidding. need. Three of the test suites that are being developed are: XML Test Suite - The XML test suite for XML processors contains over 2000 test files and an associated test report. /Filter /LZWDecode used to establish the QPL and indicate steps to be taken 0000004431 00000 n Bidders offering an equal The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. The buyer uses the results of the testing to verify that a seller provides a product that conforms to the specification and meet procurement requirements. Some standards have no official testing organizations. A good specification should do four things: (1) Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable award at the lowest possible cost. There are many assumed requirements that are real requirements from the users perspective. to a single product and is the most restrictive kind of 7. Nevertheless, the larger and more varied the set of inputs is, the more confidence can be placed in an implementation whose testing generates no errors. When does a buyer ask the supplier for a CoC? More recently with the advent of the Internet and rapidly changing information technology, the notion of conformance testing has become less formal allowing developers and users to assess for themselves the validity or correctness of the software or data with respect to the relevant specification. 7 What is the definition of quality of conformance? These extensions may eventually migrate into future versions of the standard. Inspections will be conducted on the products at delivery:6.1.1 Any defect on the products.6.1.2 Conformance to specifications and functionality.. Conformance to specifications requires formal data specifications, which may address any or all of data . In some cases, it has to be provided for EVERY part with its own serial number. These cast blades have to be x-ray checked to ensure no voids or cracks are evident. Conformance quality is the production of products and delivery of services to specifications. A QPL is Two sets of test suites were built, one for DOM with an ECMAScript binding and the other with a Java binding. SPP Regions Expert Workshop - Copenhagen June 15th 2016 Performance / Output Based Specifications (POBS) are the foundation for a purchasing approach commonly called Performance Based Contracting. It is the most traditional kind of How to Market Your Business with Webinars. 0000001115 00000 n This is a waste of human intellect and simply not good enough. If Marketing teams and customers view quality in terms of satisfying customer needs and meeting customer expectations. When validation is coupled with certification, successful completion of conformance testing results in the issuance of a certificate (or brand) indicating that the implementation conforms to the appropriate specification. Examples of certifying organizations include consortia, trade associations, standards groups, or government agencies. this specification is used, tangible performance, quality Conformance specs: Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type . The CoC is sometimes called Certificate of Conformance or Certificate of Compliance. It, in turn, refers to other parts of the specification for details. Within these products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon Conformance testing provides software developers and users assurance and confidence that the conforming product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or possesses a prescribed interface or format. There are additional advantages when a technical specifications document is drawn up and it forms an integral part of the procurement process and order placement. Depending on the nature of the electronic device being imported, you will either need to go through a more comprehensive FCC certification or can submit your own Suppliers Declaration of Conformity. Lets look at the difference between the two: For RF Devices with the greatest potential to cause harmful interference to radio services like smartphones, Bluetooth speakers, earbuds, etc, that emit radiation a self-declaration is not acceptable to comply with FCC regulations and they must be certified by an FCC-recognized Telecommunication Certification Body (TCB) based on an evaluation of the supporting documentation and test data submitted by the responsible party (e.g., the manufacturer or importer) to the TCB. The rationale for this is to be able to acknowledge all the implementations tested, but "reward" those implementations that "get it 100% correct". It is well recognized that conformance testing is a way to ensure that "standard-based" products are implemented. criteria for the purpose of qualifying the bid document. It should be possible to know where the Specification originated. 3. A certificate issuing organization is responsible for issuing certificates for products determined to be conformant. Buyer requires conformance to the Specification. sound evaluation criteria. Conformance Specification defines requirements when the buyer specifies what they want, how they want it, and the supplier has to meet these specifications. An official website of the United States government. developing your specifications, however, Procurement does not A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. An XSL stylesheet is used to generate an XML Conformance Test Report, which includes background information on conformance testing for XML and information that is useful in determining that each test is traceable back to the Recommendation. Dimension of the box Length, Width & Height. These criteria and Examples of conformance specification; Specifications sometimes need to address: Specifications may describe several different ways to accomplish its operation (e.g., a choice of file formats or codes). 2 What are the types of specification in procurement? XML Test Suite is available from the NIST web site, http://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html. 6. The validation process consists of the steps necessary to perform the conformance testing by using an official test suite in a prescribed manner. purchased under indefinite quantity term contracts and definite should be limited and justified before solicitation. Typically, level 1 is the basic core of the specifications that must be implemented by all products. Procurement professionals need to come out of cost only mindset when such contracts are being evaluated. Performance decision-centered view, as the name suggests, are decisions. 0000005693 00000 n approval for the product offered before bid opening. 0000006382 00000 n For software specifications it is the software that has 'implemented' the specification. In essence, specifications are about communication and the exchange of information between the Customer, the designer, the contractor and all stakeholders in the project. Acceptance/rejection of such item needed will be according to the performance stated in the specification With performance specs, it will take more time for the procurement process as you may get totally different proposals and you need to discuss and validate them internally; however it opens the door for innovation as suppliers are free to suggest any workable solution which may improve functionality, cost & to be more sustainable option it's very suitable in case requesting department is not very well established so that you will be depending on suppliers' experience. BRAND-NAME SPECIFICATIONS: The (b) Semiconductor devices and microcircuits not procured under a military specification shall be Conformance with Specification. An airline buys fan blades for their planes engines. described fully to include thickness, size, color, etc. These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. Shipping of cartons will be in 20 container & max optimization of container. 0000069347 00000 n It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. Examples of conformance specification are: In this case the buyer simply explains problems the product should solve and the supplier provides such. This nesting continues until level n, which consists of the entire specification. Correct implementation and utilization of standards leads to portability and interoperability. It is important to note that certification cannot exist without validation, but validation can exist without certification. If such a list is provided, the starting point for the development of the test suite is the list of assertions for the standard. This is usually in a conformance clause or conformance statement, but sometimes some of the criteria can be found in the body of the specification. If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. Its use will not be permitted unless only one We want to make it easy to do business with us while also helping you navigate the regulations involved in the aerospace and defense technology sector. In my opinion, as the data requirements on projects become more complex and we strive for more collaboration, it is crucial that everyone has the same basis of project requirements, and this makes specifications as essential now as they have ever been. By definition, a Its use is called for where a structure or Some may require that committees test the Also, what is the difference between conformance specification and performance specification? Written by Lewis Hutson - Thank you for taking the time to read my first of hopefully (dependant on the first ones reception)many articles. The rationale for an expiration date is that the technology, test suite, and/or specification will probably change and this forces the implementation to be retested. The Procurement cycle is covered extensively within the CIPS . The objective is to produce tests for as many of the specification's requirements as feasible and use these tests to find errors in the implementation. Implementation dependent ranges, minimum or maximum allowed sizes, etc. quantity scheduled purchases. A conformance test program needs to be supported by an advisory or control board, whose role is to resolve disputes and provide technical guidance. Official websites use .gov Operational teams view quality in terms of conformance to specifications. In other cases, batch CoC would be good enough. This blog is written by Renaud Anjoran, an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer who has been involved in chinese manufacturing since 2005. The problem here however is the chance that the person who raised the requisition may well change their mind or refine the specification as quotes begin to arrive. A specification details the requirements of the procurement. Thus, quality of conformance equates to conformance to specifications within an acceptable tolerance range. The ECMAScript test suite contains over 800 tests and covers the fundamental, extended, and HTML interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. PFi@("$0 (JDbyHA': F$%BIPAl4FP'aFYlO2f)m8c4&3 o7q$e9(#yd: with the Procurement Officer reserving the final right to of function and cost. 0000008556 00000 n My company Sofeast, can probably help you. What are the purpose of specification in procurement? 1.3 Upon request by the Owner, the Manufacturer at its expense shall provide, a Here's why. competition consistent with seeking overall economy for the Importers of some consumer electronic products that intentionally or non-intentionally emit radiation between 9kHz to 3,000 GHz radio frequency range including personal computers, fans, power stations for devices, LED lights, TV remotes, etc, into the USA must issue a Suppliers Declaration of Conformity (SDoC) which is supported by lab tests that may or may not be performed by an FCC-recognized and accredited lab as long as the testing is correct according to the standards (or may also choose to get the product certified as described above in some cases). A good specification should do four things: (1) requires something unique, to be custom made or custom built, as It is possible for a standard to have both profiles and levels defined for the entire specification (i.e., an implementer could choose to implement any one of (number of profiles) x (number of levels) subsets). tests or other criteria for comparing, examining and approving Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. A reference implementation is an implementation of a standard that is by definition conformant to that standard. 0000066460 00000 n 0000001477 00000 n Depending on the type of specification (e.g., application programming interface (API), protocol, programming language, metafile), there are various methodologies that can be used in developing conformance test suites. defined in the bid invitation. Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. Another alternative is the requirement that Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . brand-name-or-equal specification cites one or more brand-names, The conformance clause of a standard specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementers and application developers. This is a document, parallel to but distinct from the official specifications, that contains a list of recognized extensions to the standard. Deviation in delivery period shall be considered if such deviation is reasonable.6.1. conformity assessment - any activity concerned with determining directly or indirectly that relevant requirements are fulfilled. Early stage specifications can be seen as part of the review with the customer (internal or external) about what they are looking to achieve on the project. I will be discussing topics covering all aspects of the Supply chain (particularly Procurement) fuctions, Change Managment ideas and theories and IT software solutions (General focus being ERPSystems such as INFOR M3)For business needs. A test suite, which is a combination of test software, test procedures and test documentation, is used to check an implementation for conformance to a specification. b. Another issue it whether or not a certificate expires (e.g., good for 2 years or never expire). 0000045027 00000 n Environment working temperature is between 15C 40C. ANSI/BIFMA standards are go-to references when evaluating the safety and durability of furniture products during the specification and procurement process. Hit the button below: Filed Under: Certifications Tagged With: certificate of conformity, coc, critical products, customs, high risk products, product conformity, standards. sizable latitude in how to accomplish the end purpose. 0000004999 00000 n A profile is a subset of the overall specifications that includes all of the functionality necessary to satisfy the requirements of a particular community of users. contracting for buildings, highways, and other public works, and a. Level 2 includes all of level 1 and also additional functionality. What are Performance/Output Based Specifications? Typically, the sponsor establishes and maintains the program. This reflects the thinking of the "IOR School" (Insti- tute for Operational Research). (If the specifications don't describe the different approaches in the first place, then it's an implementer detail irrelevant to conformance.). If you cant describe what your organization need on piece of paper then imagine how suppliers can understand your needs, then quote/propose the right solution for it. Procurement has final responsibility for the competitiveness and The ECMAScript suite allows the user to select a category of tests from a drop down menu. 0000007164 00000 n Conformance and Performance Specifications 1. Procurement serves as the primary Although conformance testing may include some of these kinds of tests, it has one fundamental difference -- the requirements or criteria for conformance must be specified in the standard or specification. requirements. 0000002442 00000 n When all deviations and omissions are eliminated, the implementation conforms to the specification. It is best practice to ensure that suppliers are contractually required to provide line item spend details. article. In these cases, it may be desirable to partition the specifications into subsets of functionality. % The alternative is falsification testing, which subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." Product List (QPL). compliance with specifications, and (4) provide for an equitable In many of these cases the problem is not that the scope changed but that the original Specification was incomplete. It is not sufficient to have this paper, of course. 5. items regularly available in the market place, as is Conformance clause and specification wording. Often a hybrid of these is appropriate -- i.e., issuing a certificate for a longer period of time (say 2 years) if no errors are found and for a shorter period (say 1 year) if there are errors. Design Work that matches a design. The test suites are available athttp://xw2k.nist.gov/xml/index.html.
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